Behavior Tracking Contracts, Incident Reports, and Worksheets

The Police Force Bias Essay - 1274 Words

Women in the Police Force: Bias Source One is an interview that I conducted with Elko Police Department Chief Ben Reed on 3/17/2016. Chief Ben Reed has over 35 years’ experience working in all facets of municipal law enforcement, including Administration, Field Operations, and Detectives (elkocity.com). This source is reliable because it is a direct interview conducted by myself of Chief Ben Reed himself. Source Two is an essay in the police chief magazine by Peter Horne who has a PhD and is a professor at Mercer County Community College. Source Two updated September 2006 but still holds true today. I believe that source Two is reliable as it has 29 cited credible sources like the FBI and U.S. Department of Justice. Source Three is an essay by Curtis Crooke who is a special contributor at the (COPS) community oriented policing Services on the Department of Justice website. The COPS office or the office of community oriented policing Services is a component of the US Department of Justice responsible for adva ncing the practice of community policing by the nation s state, local, Territorial, and tribal law enforcement agencies through information and Grant resources (cops.usdoj.gov). Source Three was e-newsletter of the COPS office that was posted on July 2013. Source Three is reliable because it is a .gov website meaning it has restricted use by government entities in the US. Source Four is an essay and statistics sheet by Lynn Langton who is statistician at the BureauShow MoreRelatedPublic Law Enforcement Is An Enormous Staple Of Any Community Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesany community. Police departments are usually highly involved with many of the events that a community organizes such as school D.A.R.E programs, fund raisers, or even sporting events. Building a healthy relationship with the community is extremely important. However, when the community begins to notice a change with some of the practices of the police department, most notably targeting specific races in the communi ty for stops, searches, arrest, etc., then tensions can rise. Police operate at theRead MorePolice Use Excessive Force On People And Mistreat Minorities1634 Words   |  7 Pageslikely to be mistreated by the police compared to other people (Dunnaville, 2000). Recent incidents have seen the police use excessive force on people and mistreat minorities. As such, the legitimacy of the police has been put under scrutiny and questioned. Many communities in the United States have demonstrated in reaction to recent incidents of police misconduct and excessive use of force. The people have lost trust in the police because of these issues. The police force has been accused of mistreatingRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Is Resolving The Increasing Death Of Young African American Citizens Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe police force and the community along with the dignity and accountably to the police department. Is highly imperative the solution would be to identify police forces, and bridg ing the widening gap between the forces and the African American community, in order to build and foster trust. In the end, there needs be an end to racial profiling of any citizen races such as Latinos, Jews, minorities and poor, will help build a nation/community that accepts diversity and all cultures. The police needsRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1478 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing, which leads to police brutality. In â€Å"Why Are So Many Black Americans Killed By Police?†, Carl Bialik, reveals racism (consciously or not) leads to police brutality of African Americans. Kia Makarechi in â€Å"What The Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias†, shows evidence of African Americans receiving more police brutality because of racism. Clint Smith in â€Å"Racism, Stress, and Black Death†, conveys how studies show that African Americans are receiving police brutality due to day-to-dayRead MoreCj415 Final Exam1716 Words   |  7 Pages The ________ hypothesis regarding crime argues that as a country undergoes economic development, its crime rate increases. slippery slope globalization modernization transnational crime 2 points Question 2 Generally, the police forces of any given country are much more likely to be dealing with ___________ crime and much less likely, if ever, to be dealing with _________ crime. transnational, international international, transnational national, global organized,Read MoreThe Use Of Excessive Force By Law Enforcement Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe use of excessive force by law enforcement in the United States has caused a huge debate in our nation. Minority populations feel targeted and brutalized. There is controversy over how to support law enforcement when so many communities continue to feel victimized. Events that have occurred between 2014 and 2016 have caused police officials, politicians, scholars, and the general population to call for national reforms. The goal is to better match the current â€Å"police culture† with democraticRead MoreRacial Bias By White Police Officers Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesby white police officers towards minorities. Implicit bias, specifically racial bias, describes a psychological process in which a person’s unconscious racial belief (stereotypes) and attitudes (prejudices) affect his or her behaviors, perceptions, and judgments in ways that they are largely unawar e of and typically, unable to control (Graham). Research centers for the study of racial bias have developed experimental studies to help understand how race can, for instance, influence a police officerRead MorePutting An End Of Mass Criminalization967 Words   |  4 PagesPutting an End to Mass Criminalization A police officer is a law enforcement official whose job is to protect and serve the people, not to abuse their power. Due to the fact that the U.S is consisted of many different races and ethnic groups, the ongoing conflict between police officers and citizens of color is at a constant rise. Although policies today no longer directly target those of colors, the policies applied by law enforcements in African-Americans communities are discriminating. OfficersRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Jefferson s The Declaration Of Independence1576 Words   |  7 Pageswith these laws? They were likely to be brutalized by police. In this day and age many would like to believe that African Americans no longer have problems when it comes to policing or unjust treatment from society. Unfortunately, this is not the case. With several unjustified killings or beatings of African American people from police over the span of many decades, is there an abnormally high rate of incidents with negative outcom es between police officers and African Americans? One day, during hisRead MoreThe New York Time Article By Timothy William Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesArticle by Timothy William, Inquiry to Examine Racial Bias in the San Francisco Police Department, first thing to remember known as implied social perception, implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner. Another key point of argument is that there is no systematic bias in the criminal justice base on race. To point out, in performing their policing duties, police officer are able to exercise a high degree of discretion

Tenure system Free Essays

The term of office system provides faculty member stableness and a signifier of womb-to-tomb employment. Geting term of office gives a individual entree to certain fiscal and societal benefits. Furthermore, it gives a figure of freedoms and possibilities in the academic domain. We will write a custom essay sample on Tenure system or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the start, the attitudes toward term of office were controversial. Hems et Al ( 2001 ) gnaws at the issue of term of office from two different waies. On the one manus, the writers stating that this system â€Å"harbors unproductive faculty† ( p.322 ) , while, on the other manus, they did non detect any connexion between â€Å"decreasing productiveness and term of office and even concluded that those faculty members possessing term of office were working more efficient† ( p.322 ) . Presents, the prevalent attitude towards term of office is positive because it provides more â€Å"freedom for the faculty† ( Bess, 1998, p.4 ) , through womb-to-tomb employment, which gives the possibility for professional development and inventions. At the same clip, the fright of module members going â€Å"deadwood† ( Bess, 1998, p.4 ; Hems et Al, 2001, p.322 ) and pretermiting their duties remains. Furthermore, there is a belief that term of office slows down and even restrains the procedure of academic development. Therefore, alterations are being proposed to the system such as â€Å"limited term of office at Tohoku University or alterations to the term of office policy at the University of Minnesota† ( Hems et Al, 2001, p.323 ) . Wood A ; Johnsrud ( 2005 ) call term of office â€Å"an artefact of the values and premises of academic culture† ( p.394 ) . Harmonizing to this definition civilization of the module has a important topographic point in the procedure of acquiring term of office. Attitudes towards term of office and attacks While analyzing attitudes towards term of office and attacks, one should take two points of position towards civilization and socialisation in general and its topographic point in the academic society in peculiar, modernist and postmodernist point of views. Harmonizing to the modernist point of position, â€Å"an organisation ‘s civilization teaches people how to act, what to trust for, and what it means to win or fail† ( Tierney, 1997, p. 4 ) , in this instance an single adopts stable regulations, which exist in a society ( module ) . However, the postmodernist position of civilization is a â€Å"give-and-take† ( p.6 ) , one, which means that a individual come ining a group and adopts its regulations and forms lending to the group ‘s civilization. In the domain of attitudes towards tenure the foregoing attacks shapes two different points of position. Modernist attack towards term of office is the most common one and is chiefly expressed in the manner people describe their work, for example, â€Å"the competition about the sum of working hours† or â€Å"the figure of publications one should hold in order to acquire tenure† ( Tierney, 1997, pp. 8-9 ) . On the other manus, postmodernist attitudes towards term of office can be seen through personal an involvement, which shapes the work of those willing to be granted term of office. Decision Making a decision for the research Tierney ( 1997 ) , understanding that the bulk of â€Å"individuals were able to subsume personal dispositions in favour of the modernist end of absorbing to the civilization to which they were being socialized† ( p.13 ) . Two chief domains define either modernist or postmodernist attitudes of the module towards term of office. The modernist attack dominates in instances where research work, which is seen through the sum of publications, is the chief standard for allowing term of office. Conversely, the postmodern sphere topographic points accent on learning. Faculty is most comfy with term of office but understands that there is room for extra alteration to the system ; nevertheless, post-tenure reappraisal has led to a figure of intense dissensions. Post-tenure reappraisal Post-tenure reappraisal is a â€Å"systematic, comprehensive procedure, separate from the one-year reappraisal, aimed specifically at measuring public presentation and/or fostering module growing and development† ( Wood A ; Johnsrud, 2005, pp. 394-395 ) . This is one of the methods to avoid â€Å"deadwood† ( Bess, 1998, p.4 ; Hems et Al, 2001, p.322 ) module members ; the establishment must continue the highest degree of efficiency to those being given term of office. The new system of reappraisals can be efficient merely if they are conducted often. The research conducted after the â€Å"implementation of post-tenure reappraisal shows that productiveness did increase† ( Hems et Al, 2001, p.324 ) . Still, the new system is a really problematic topic and has gained negative attitudes from the academic society. The treatment of post-tenure reappraisals is concentrated on a figure of subjects: the degree of freedom which module has with the reappraisal, the impact of term of office on efficiency of module ‘s work, and those responsible for reexamining module. Foreigners conduct post-tenure reappraisals, in bend ; the module considers this as an break of their academic work, and sees this as a restriction of their academic. The type of reappraisal supported by faculty members is â€Å"peer-to-peer† ( Wood A ; Johnsrud, 2005, p.410 ) . The negative influence of term of office is argued, and, it is stated that non tenure itself but some features of the system are more influential. The influence of post-tenure reappraisals on the full academic universe is the subject being discussed the most. These reappraisals works as limitations of the freedom of instruction, and hence, faculty members are being deprived from the chief advantage granted by the system. By and large, term of office and post-tenure reappraisals have their advantages and disadvantages, which give a topographic point for the treatment of their efficiency. Tenure, which is an old system, and is being blamed for the decrease of the module ‘s work efficiency ; those with term of office are blamed for losing productiveness and general disregard of their responsibilities. Nevertheless, term of office itself, as a system, possibly the cause of the job, at the same clip, the modernist attack towards term of office may be the ground of the system ‘s unfavorable judgment for the motive. Understanding, non the term of office system itself but some of the qualities within the system are responsible for the decreasing efficiency of academic society. Post-tenure reappraisals, though, on the one manus, are able to â€Å"remove non-performing faculty† ( Wood A ; Johnsrud, 2005, p.413 ) and, on the other manus, it is a menace to the academic universe. Post-tenure reappraisals can be the agencies of the intervention in the educational procedure, hence, destroying the freedom of learning. While term of office provides the module with extra support benefits, post-tenure reappraisals are able to eliminate them. The inefficiency of the term of office system has led to creative activity of post-tenure reappraisals. Still, as the reappraisals have led to a het argument, alternate ways of controling those with term of office should be farther studied. Mentions Bess, J. L. ( 1998, January/February ) . Contract systems, bureaucratisms, and module motive: The likely effects of a no-tenure policy. Journal of Higher Education, 69 ( 1 ) , 1-22. Helms, M. M. , Williams, A. B. , A ; Nixon, J. C. ( 2001 ) . TQM rules and their relevancy to higher instruction: The inquiry of term of office and post-tenure. The International Journal of Educational Management, 15 ( 6/7 ) , 322-331. Wood, M. , A ; Johnsrud, L. ( 2005, Jumping ) . Post-tenure reappraisal: What matters to faculty. Review ofHigher Education, 28 ( 3 ) , 393-420. Tierney, W. G. ( 1997, January/February ) . Organizational socialisation in higher instruction.Journal of Higher Education, 68 ( 1 ) , 1-16. How to cite Tenure system, Essay examples

Shakespeares use of context in Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares use of context in Hamlet Essay Shakespeare s work often contains a variety of contexts and we will definitely find that these contexts are associated with the values present in Hamlet. The different contexts includes personal, social, cultural, political and spiritual. To understand these values we need to be constantly challenging ourselves with bright ideas about these concepts in Hamlet. With economy and grace Shakespeare sets his mood, introduces his major characters, presents his background information, begins his exploration of the play’s major themes, and sets his plot, all within two short scenes. The only major plot strand not established in this section is that of Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia, who appears in the following scene. Other than that omission, the first two scenes introduce all the major strands that will occur throughout the play. Hamlet s inaction and procrastination is a main issue in the personal context. He intellectualises over what the right thing is and is not a man who yields to passion. Being a man of thought and reason his inactions are contrasted by Laertes and Fortinbras leadership qualities showing Shakespeare s value of action. Hamlet’s father, the king of Denmark, has died suddenly. The dead king’s brother, Claudius, marries Hamlet’s mother and swiftly assumes the throne, a throne that Hamlet expected would be his upon the death of his father. Hamlet’s father’s ghost confronts Hamlet and tells him that his death was not natural, but instead was murder. Hamlet swears revenge. But rather than swoop instantly to that revenge, Hamlet pretends to be insane still wearing black in mourning for the dead king. Gertrude urges him to cast it off, but he replies bitterly that his inner sorrow is so great that his sour appearance is merely a poor mirror of it. Claudius declares that all fathers die, and that all sons must lose their fathers, and that to mourn for too long is unmanly and inappropriate. Shakespeare s view of deception is revealed when Hamlet puts on this antic disposition and delays in killing Claudius. But Hamlet did not swear to his dead father that he, detective-like, would investigate. Hamlet swore revenge. And he has more than enough motivation to exact revenge. Yet he delays. It is this delay in performing the act he has sworn to accomplish which leads to Hamlet’s death. The poison on the tip of Laertes sword is a metaphor for the poison of procrastination, which has been coursing through Hamlet s system throughout the play. The incestuous relationship between Claudius and Gertrude is completely unacceptable. For a man to kill his brother then steal his throne and wife is of the lowest action. Claudius has gained so much personally, but the truth is soon found out. Another issue is Shakespeare s use of the King s role relating to the social context. The people in Shakespeare s time thought that the Gods appointed the king s role as he represents the land, so the action of the king is always approved by the society. If something is wrong with the king then there must be something wrong with Denmark, affecting the state as he socially affects the law being the leader of the land. The corruption and decay of Denmark and its society is expressed at several different levels. Recurrent imagery, such as the unweeded garden or the decay imagery of corpses, dust and graves and poison present this repulsive image. In Hamlet, most of the images Shakespeare uses highlight the idea that this world is ‘an unweeded garden’, a wonderful image that shows that this is a world, which once was well provided but now has become out of control. Corruption is suggested in the moral sense as well as the physical sense. The dirty deal done between Claudius and Fortinbras to invade a neighbouring country reflects another form of corruption and decay. Also King Claudius speaks to Rosencrantz and Guildernstern. .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .postImageUrl , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:hover , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:visited , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:active { border:0!important; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:active , .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua47c92348dc90aba7f1b0915a50d4e4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American musical comedy-drama EssayShaken by the play within the play and now considering Hamlet’s madness to be dangerous, Claudius asks the pair to escort Hamlet on a voyage to England, and to depart immediately. They agree, and leave to get themselves ready. Then Polonius enters, and reminds the king of his plan to hide in Gertrude’s room and observe Hamlet’s confrontation with her. He promises to tell Claudius all that he learns. When Polonius leaves, the king is alone, and he immediately bewails his guilt and grief over his sin. A brother’s murder, he says, is the oldest sin, and â€Å"hath the eldest curse upon’t. He longs to ask for forgiveness, but says that he is unprepared to give up that which he gained by committing the murder, namely, the crown and the queen. He falls to his knees and begins to pray. Hamlet slips quietly into the room, and approaches himself to kill Claudius. Suddenly he realises that if he kills the king while he is praying, he will send the king’s soul to heaven, which is hardly an adequate revenge, especially since Claudius, by killing Hamlet’s father before he had time to make his last confession, ensured that his brother would not go to heaven. Hamlet decides to wait, resolving to kill Claudius when he is sinning. He leaves and Claudius rises and declares that he has been unable to pray sincerely. â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hamlet reminds his mother that he must sail to England with Rosencrantz and Guildernstern, whom he says he will trust as fully as though they were venomous snakes. Hamlet calls Rosencrantz a â€Å"sponge†¦ that soaks up the king’s countenance, his rewards, his authorities. † The injustice actions of Rosencrantz and Guildernstern lead to their very own miserable death. Undoubtedly, moral and ethical values are a key essence in the society. Shakespeare belonged to the Elizabethan and Jacobean cultures, corresponding to the times of Elizabeth I and her cousin, James I. The King s position during the Elizabethan culture is rather interesting. Everybody acts like sheep, all following the directions given by the king. Many great writers lived during this time, such as Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson, creating a colossal theatrical explosion. There are some passages of prose, used as a contrast to the poetic style. Prose often indicates a different social class or the lower classes, servants or clowns, who were unable to speak in the elevated, educated way that kings and queens, heroes and heroines, did. On the political side of things with the King s image being exceptionally powerful, the people of the land abide by his laws. His actions inspire the community to be a mirror reflection of him, and to follow the hard earned footsteps of a heroic role model. In the old law, the king represented the land, so if the king did something, everyone else would follow his decisions. His laws reveal that this is not a fare world and if you are not on his pleasant side and decide to oppose such a highly ranked mastermind, you are doomed for a horrific destiny. In this political sense, King Claudius demonstrates how issues may go his way, whether they are righteous or not. The appearance of the ghost on a chilling, misty night outside Elsinore Castle introduces the element of the spiritual context into the play, and indicates immediately that, â€Å"the time is out of joint† that something is wrong in Denmark. Despite the apparent vitality of Claudius’s court, Shakespeare tells us, trouble is clearly on the horizon, Horatio interprets the ghost as a warning about Fortinbras. Hamlet, devastated by his father’s death and betrayed by his mother’s marriage, already feels that â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. † Hamlet’s bitterness, his yearning for suicide, and the other characters’ remarks about his odd behavior indicate the extent to which Hamlet is not his usual self. In fact, nothing in Denmark is usual. .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .postImageUrl , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:hover , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:visited , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:active { border:0!important; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:active , .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99 .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6fa10070329ec19213876e9b652fa99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night, Or What You Will EssayThe play opens immediately after the disruption of a very long, stable, and uneventful period under the reign of King Hamlet. The appearance of the ghost affords the characters the opportunity to tell the audience about the recent death of King Hamlet and the history of his conflict with Poland, which in turn introduces the idea that Fortinbras has a grudge against Denmark. Claudius’s speech informs us of his marriage to Gertrude, and Hamlet’s bitterness toward Claudius and his following soliloquy establishes his melancholy and desperation over those events. The shock of the ghost’s appearance, and Hamlet’s decision to confront the apparition, sets in motion the main plot of the play, which will culminate in Hamlet’s death. Presumably, the observation of the ghost is a premonition of terrible incidents. Under these circumstances each context, whether it be personal, social, cultural, political or spiritual they all provide detail of the development of the values in Hamlet. Shakespeare s use of context contributes many values as expected through his exuberant use of language.

McDonalds Entry into the Chinese Market

Introduction Following the advent of globalization, many companies that previously operated in the local markets have sought to establish businesses in foreign markets. Globalization refers to the process of integrating people with governments and organizations across the globe. One of the major limitations the companies that seek to exploit foreign markets may face is the challenge of linking franchises established in foreign nations to the organizational culture and polices.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on McDonald’s Entry into the Chinese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, globalization has eased communication partly due to the recent immense development in telephone and internet technologies. This implies that the challenges of expanding markets that were experienced by organizations seeking to take their businesses globally have been incredibly eased. Consequently, the term internationa l firm has become a common terminology in the international business debates. Kottler (2000) described an international organization as the one, which conducts businesses in more than one nation (p.34). However, when making a market entry into new nations, an international organization has to choose appropriate market entry methods because each nation acts as a market segment whose consumption is determined by a variety of factors such as culture, economic, social, and political affiliations among others. These factors are different in every nation. In this context, this paper finds it indispensable to analyze the factors that affect a firm’s decision-making process on the choice of entry modes to the foreign markets coupled with the impacts of the entry modes on business practices and success. The focus is on western nations’ organizations entry into the Asian markets. The paper presents this by considering the case of MacDonald’s entry into the Chinese markets . The paper specifically considers Asia as the one that that has undergone tremendous growth within the last three decades. Consequently, emanating from the economic advantages, western organizations such as MacDonald have considered extending their operations into the Asian regions in a variety of ways. As such, the paper further presents these ways with the aid of a review of the relevant theories on foreign entry modes followed by identification of the mode(s) of entry that MacDonald adopted in China. The case study report also investigates and analyzes the factors contributing to MacDonald’s decision on the choice of the entry mode(s) coupled with evaluation of the advantages gained, as well as the difficulties experienced by MacDonald because of implementing such a mode or modes. Finally, the paper discusses the lessons learned from the firm’s experience on the choice of the entry mode(s). Literature Review Factors influencing a firm’s decision to enter int o new markets Many western firms are currently becoming internationalized. The initial choice of the crucial market entry mode in the foreign market may produce imperative implications on successful entry of a company along with its survival in the international market. Arguably, therefore, the decision on survival mechanisms in the foreign nations is a mega step that a firm has to make before channeling its resources to establish its presence in the foreign nations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another crucial decision encompasses the entry mode in the international business (Hague Jackson, 2006, p.47). Firms can accomplish entry modes in foreign markets through several ways. Typical examples include licensing, joint ventures, exporting, and franchising among others. However, essential to note is that each of the entry modes possesses some merits and demerits. Hough an d Neuland (2000) conduct an analysis of these market entry modes (p.13). According to the authors, exporting is the easiest mode of selling a firm’s products in foreign markets. It permits an organization to indirectly or directly export. Indirect exporting involves the sale of a firm’s products in the foreign markets through an agent based in the home markets while direct exporting involves a firm that sells its products directly to an importer or a buyer in a foreign market. On the other hand, licensing involves an agreement in which â€Å"a licensor grants the rights to intangible property to another licensee for a specified period† (Hough Neuland, 2000, p.21). In return, the licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee. Franchising involves entering long relationships in comparison to licensing. In the relationship between the franchisor and franchisee, the franchisor sells critical property, for instance, a trademark to the franchisee. The franchisor also acquires the franchisee’s contractual responsibility to abide by all the rules on its business regulations. Joint ventures constitute business collaboration between two companies based in two or more countries, which share ownership of an enterprise established jointly for the production, and/or distribution of goods and services. Various factors define the relativity of the appropriateness of the chosen entry mode. They are economic and political risks, trade barriers, social risks, and transportation costs among others. Consequently, firms seeking to establish themselves globally need to consider economics and other dynamics of the target nations (Beamish, Morrison Rosenzweig, 2005, p.99). Essentially, it is desirable for globalizing companies to have plausible information about size coupled with rates of growth of the foreign nation’s markets, financial positions, population characteristics, and more importantly, the labour costs. This implies that leaders of firms need to know that the attractiveness of foreign market opportunities is different among different business industries, as well as individual companies (Hibbert, 2005, p.17). Organizations seeking to establish operations in the international business need to do a number of things. According to Hibbert (2005), some of these things include evaluation of international markets business opportunities, conducting analysis to an extent to which a firm may be able to establish potential opportunities for growth in foreign nations making a decision on the appropriate market strategy, innovating marketing strategies, and then conducting standardization of various global operations (p.33).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on McDonald’s Entry into the Chinese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Financial crisis and strategic decision to capitalize on Asian market Following the global financial crisis, many firm s embarked on seeking to enhance their competiveness for them to survive through the financial crunch. One of the strategies to realize this goal was to look for new markets particularly where an organization may perceive to experience milder effects of economic down time. When the western nations encountered challenges of reduced businesses, the global financial crisis did not even spare the possible alternative place -Asia- where such firms could establish new markets. Indeed, Asian nations encountered the global financial crisis in the late 2008 originating from Europe and the U.S. Consequently, the Asian gross domestic product growth rates immensely fell down. The aftermath was a substantive drop in exports. Additionally, foreign direct investment to Asian countries reduced significantly. However, by August 2009 China and India coupled with other emerging economies in the Asian regions had started to depict some signs of recovery from the global economic crunch. In fact, with re gard to a survey conducted by the Economist magazine, Singapore, China, Korea, and Japan, showed quarter-on-quarter annualized GDP growth of 21%, 15%, 10%, and 0.9% respectively (Ross, 2003, p.9). Even though the accuracy of this data may be debatable, the trend shows that Asian countries were able to recover from the economic crunch much faster as compared to other countries especially those in the west. Deductively, this incredible growth of Asian economies creates mega opportunities for global businesses. This is in sharp contrast to the economies of western countries whose growth remains uncertain. This may explain why global economic activity is shifting to Asia. Globalization theory and capitalization on Asian markets The quest of MacDonald to establish franchises in China closely relates with advantage accruing from globalization because globalization has intensively altered the manner in which firms conduct businesses at the international fronts. In this context, Cooper and Schindler (2008) argue that stemming from technological sophistication and communication coupled with general infrastructural developments, businesses are capacitated to supply and/or distribute goods and services virtually in every geographical location across the globe (p.41). Nevertheless, venturing into international markets is a risky endeavor. This argument arises because firms ought to be prepared and organized strategically to overcome cultural impediments, differences in currency and language barriers coupled with regulatory, and existing legal environments that may be inconsistent with the organizational policies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, firms that have substantial capital bases among other resources can easily sail through these impediments without having to rely on other external aid. However, those companies that do not have substantial resources to aid them in overcoming the impediments to operations in the international markets, more often than not, have to consider altering their polices to suit particular market. This means that although such companies may be using the same brand name, they are predominantly characterized by non-homogeneity in organizational polices. This makes it possible for them to penetrate international markets. A myriad of reasons explains why organizations may consider diversifying their markets to include global markets. Many researchers contend, â€Å"The emergence of demand potentials in the foreign markets is one of the common reasons† (Hough Neuland, 2000, p.23). Directly congruent with this argument, Hough and Neuland (2000) maintain that sales expansion, acquisi tion of new resources need to minimize risks, depreciation of currencies, and local market saturation account for the internationalization of business (p.39). Arguably, therefore, internationalization of business may incredibly aid in facilitating a business to achieve immense economies of scale. Consumption theory and capitalization on Asian markets The consumption theory holds that when the consumption patterns of the consumer increases on the positive side, many firms would tend to move in and meet the demand created. Such a situation is experienced in China since the nation has a big consumption economy akin to its large population. A strategic decision for western firms to enter this market can make the firms attain large economies of scale. For instance, by the year 2009, McDonald had about 800 outlets already in operation in China. This was an immense success of the company since its entry into the Chinese market from ealry1990’s. The success in the Chinese market reco rded by McDonald had forced other western companies to consider establishing themselves in Asian nations. In particular, the Chinese economy has been growing tremendously within the last two decades of MacDonald’s presence. In this end, Ross (2003) argues that Chinese and Indian economies stand probabilities of accounting for 50 percent of the global domestic product by the year 2030 (p.15). The attractiveness of the Chinese market to western organisation such as MacDonald rests on the shifting demographics, hiking incomes, growing of consumer spending, and the ever-increasing free and fair business environment. In addition to the increase in consumer spending, some other factors such as increased cost of production and dwindled sales in the local home markets among other factors have made American and European firms consider establishing themselves in Asian nations such as China and India (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2011, p.113). Increased consumption on Asian markets is e xemplified by the case of China where there is an increase in consumer credit. The repercussion is that young people are more likely to buy on credit in comparison with old people. In fact, young people are stronger when it comes to consumer expenditure and credit. Consequently, China is currently hosting several global leading brands among them Adidas, Wal-Mart, Sanofi, Tesco, and others. Methodology This case study report paper deploys secondary data acquired from the existing literature on the international business. An analysis of the data garnered is conducted to develop theories that can explain the entry methods used by international firms to penetrate new markets in foreign nations. These theories can then be linked closely with MacDonald’s strategies for penetration of Chinese market. Consequently, a case study of MacDonald’s strategies of colonization of new international markets is scrutinized in relation to existing theories on international business. The s econdary data utilized in this paper come from sources including scholarly journals, internet, magazines, newspapers, and books. Results The results of the case study indicate that McDonald is a world leading US-based fast food retailer. In the modern day, the company has over 33,000 stores in about 119 countries. The key to this immense expansion of the company rests on the company’s capacity to understand its customers’ need coupled with refinement of its business polices to suit the target market. The foreign market entry mode used by MacDonald is franchising. In the new franchises, the company sells high quality yet affordable products. In the franchise agreement, â€Å"MacDonald grants the right to sell McDonald’s branded products to a prospective franchisee† (Hough Neuland, 2000, p.25). The agreement gives the company the power to decide on the operating methods, marketing, and the quality of their products. McDonald’s owns or leases the est ablishment. The franchisee purchases â€Å"the equipment, fittings, and the right to operate the franchise for 20 years† (Hough Neuland, 2000, p.27). To achieve worldwide homogeneity, all franchisees must use standardized McDonald’s branding. These include their menus, their design layouts, and the administration systems. Analysis and discussions MacDonald was established in Illinois in 1955. According to Cooper and Schindler (2008), McDonald had opened its first outlet outside the US by 1967 (in Canada), and had expanded to Australia, Japan, and Europe by the year 1971 (p.32). Since then the company has experienced tremendous growth, and has extended its operations to many nations including China. One of the success factors of the company is that it has been able to satisfy the Chinese needs for food safety. The strategies for penetration into the Chinese market adopted by MacDonald are valid depending on population characteristics and other market traits. In this en d, markets chosen for expansion by McDonald’s are positively associated with high gross domestic product per capita, population size and distribution, and urbanization (Clode, 2011, p.22). Nevertheless, the company faces competition in China. Consequently, the company’s operation in China makes it is apparent that it conducts studies of changes in markets in an attempt to develop products that meet the needs of consumers. The implication of this strategic decision is that the company takes it within its mandate to develop products that are cost competitive besides looking at the long-term growth possibilities once it has made a new market entry. From the results of the study, it is also evident that the highest percent of McDonald’s restaurants are franchises, this being the market entry mode adopted by the company to get into foreign markets. Therefore, a cute selection of a franchisee is a central concern for the success of McDonald in China. In this end, the company accords various conditions for its potential franchisees. The concerned parties have to agree and settle upon these conditions on a legal contract. The conditions include the following promises: a franchisee would be honest, have business experience in the industry, have successful accomplishments, commitment to the franchisor, and a significant capital base. The results have also indicated that McDonald develops products consistent with the local food tastes of a particular market. This measure helps the company internalize the inferred local knowledge of franchisees into its wider operations (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2011, p.62). Akin to the needs to survive in the foreign market having competition, a major survival tactic adopted by MacDonald in China is rebranding its products to meet the anticipations of the target market. For this reason, McDonald launched the Chickileaks campaign in China. The central concern of the campaign was to educate and make sure that Chin ese people rest assured that the products offered by the company are fresh and safe. The campaign also enabled McDonald to establish a competitive edge in the market amid the rooming competitions from KFC and Yum. McDonald encountered consumers in China who had different eating preferences compared to the U.S. consumers. For instance, the Chinese people prefer chicken to beef. This posed a challenge to the company since it entered the Chinese market with the intention of distributing beef products. On the other hand, competitors such as KFC were distributing chicken products. McDonald’s Chickileaks campaign is a key indicator that an organization seeking to establish business internationally needs to ensure that it merges its products and policies with culture, values, beliefs, and traditions of the people inhabiting the new target market. McDonald identified that, in its new market, there was a problem. Strategically, it moved to create a solution to the problem in the new m arket by designing a campaign to address the challenge. Essentially, therefore, MacDonald exemplifies the practical application of the thing that an organization seeking to establish itself in the foreign markets must do. Among these things are evaluation of international markets and innovation of marketing strategies among others. A major concern is on how MacDonald would maintain its success in China. According to Gilroy (2011), this is achievable through maintaining a steadfast focus on consistency, quality, and cautiously trying out other new options (Para.5). Conclusion and Implications Even though while making the strategic decision to establish MacDonald franchise in China may be taken as one of the ample decisions that has resulted to making the company more competitive, various challenges have been encountered. Firstly, China’s market is non-uniform and non-homogeneous. This is attributable to irregularities of economic growth in differing regions of the nation. Cons equently, aggravation of various social, political, and economic differences across different Chinese provinces has been experienced. This truncates into wide variation of consumer spending behavior in different provinces. The argument here is that China is ideally not a single market but a collection of a myriad of submarkets. These submarkets have distinct cultural, political, social, demographic, and economic characteristics. Any company seeking entry into the Chinese markets must take into consideration all these factors and orient their policies to suit the dynamics of the Chinese markets. The implication of this concern is that organizations need to choose an entry mode that exposes them to a minimal risk. This is necessary for internationalizing companies to maximize profits coupled with long-term growth. Internationalizing companies need to take advantage of various available opportunities through integration of a myriad of market strategies. The implication of this recommen dation is that decisions made by companies in matters of entering any market need to factor in the characteristics of nations in which they seek to establish business. This is critical to enable a company to determine the scale of investment in the new market. Therefore, new markets entry modes decisions need to be made from the basis of well-researched markets conducted within the countries of interest. This implies that the political and economic instabilities of the past and the possibility of more problems in the same nation or surrounding nations need to be taken into consideration. Additionally, market forces have an effect on the growth of the company’s markets and economy, and hence disposable income of potential customers. The implication is that by internationalizing firms one needs to make subtle market entry decision during their first entry into the foreign nations’ markets. Reference List Beamish, W., Morrison, A., Rosenzweig, M. (2005). International Ma nagement: Text and Cases (3rd ed.). Chicago: Irwin. Clode, J. (2011). McDonald’s Exposes ‘Chickileaks’ in China. Global News, 1(1), 22. Cooper, R., Schindler, S. (2008). Business Research Methods (6th ed.) Singapore: Irwin/Mcgraw. Gilroy, D. (2011). McDonald’s China: ‘Chickileaks’ the Truth about McChicken. ChinaSmack. Retrieved from https://advertising.chinasmack.com/2011/mcdonalds-china-chickileaks-the-truth-about-chicken.html. Hague, P., Jackson, P. (2006). A guide to planning, methodology and evaluation: Market Research. London: Kogan Page. Hibbert, P. (2005). International Business. Strategy and Operations. London: Macmillan Press. Hill, C., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2011). Global Business Today: Asia Pacific. Sydney: McGraw Hill Australia Pty Ltd. Hough, J., Neuland, W. (2000). Global Business. Environments and Strategies Managing for Global Competitive Advantage. Cape Town: Oxford. Kottler, P. (2000). Marketing Management: The Millennium Edition. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ross, B. (2003). Market entry methods for western firms in China, Asia Pacific. Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(4), 3–18. This report on McDonald’s Entry into the Chinese Market was written and submitted by user Lily Benjamin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gays in the media essays

Gays in the media essays Homosexuals are now the targets of a new frenzy; the media frenzy. The gay and lesbian demographic is taking huge steps toward total recognition and acceptance. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender) community is finding a voice in society. Additionally, marketers are finding that the community has deep pockets. It is estimated that the GLBT market has a buying power of $450 billion and that they make up about 10% of the population (Prince, 2003). If 10% is an accurate figure, this means that approximately 29 million people in the United States belong to the GLBT community. So do marketers ignore 29 million people with 450 billion dollars to spend? Of course they dont. Companies are fighting over the gay dollar. Subaru was the first automaker to market its cars specifically to gay and lesbian communities starting back in the mid-1990s. Subaru found that there were female heads of household that bought their cars. It turned out that most of these women identified as lesbian (Prince, 2003). They naturally started marketing to lesbians and it has been a successful plan. I have personally heard Subaru referred to as the lesbian vehicle of choice. Now, Ford has decided to try for a piece of the gay dollar. Ford has introduced a new Jaguar ad that targets the GLBT market. Ford did extensive research and now recognizes that gay consumers are well worth [their] time (Prince, 2003). The print ad shows a man, a winding road, and a picture of the Jaguar X-Type. The text reads, Life is full of twists and turns. Care for a partner? (Prince, 2003) The ad tries to convey meaning in two ways. The treacherous roads are easier to navigate with a well-equipped vehicle. There is also a more pers onal meaning. Gay peoples lives are often filled with twists and turns. Those twists and turns in life are sometimes easier to navigate with some help, namely a partner. ...

Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Augustine - Essay Example Original sin is a concept in Christianity which has evolved from the concept of, fall of mankind. Augustine describes the action of Adam and Eve as a foolish act which was guarded by confidence and pride, his emphasis being more on pride. He further elaborates that the stain of this action has affected all human beings and this trait is present in all human beings from their inception and no matter what they do in their entire life, they cannot escape from this taint. According to him when Adam and Eve committed the sin, it resulted in the reproduction of mankind which makes all humans his descendants born with the trait and tendency to commit sins. He states that all humans are born bad and remain so unless they ask for forgiveness and hence they are a denounced crowd. He teaches that all humans are subjected to physical attraction and sexual desire and is this feeling is not fulfilled it results in uneasiness and restlessness. He has stated humans to be sinners who lack the liberty to do well; they are corrupted in nature and possess the tendency to disobey God’s orders until they are granted godly grace. Augustine’s views on original sin contrasted with other philosophers’ notions and hence faced a lot of opposition. (Paul, 25) Works Cited Paul, Rigby. Original Sin in Augustine’s Confessions. University of Ottawa Press. 2000.